| Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition, and social communication impairment is one of its core symptoms. However, conventional behavioral and pharmacological interventions have limited efficacy and show substantial inter-individual variability. In recent years, noninvasive neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and neurofeedback have shown notable potential to improve social interaction, emotion recognition, and communication abilities in individuals with ASD by precisely regulating cortical excitability and functional connectivity within neural networks. This review summarizes the neural mechanisms and clinical application progress of these techniques in ameliorating social communication deficits in ASD, with the aim of providing theoretical grounding and empirical support for precision clinical interventions. |
